What nursing action should be taken when obtaining sputum samples for TB testing?

• A. Wear PPE and obtain samples in a negative airflow room.
• B. Collect samples in a standard room without PPE.
• C. Use a blood sample instead.
• D. Only collect samples if the patient has no cough.

Answer: (A)

TB is an airborne infection, so collecting sputum for testing is an aerosol-generating procedure. To protect staff and others, use airborne precautions: a properly fitted respirator such as an N95 (or higher), along with gloves, a gown, and eye protection as indicated. Perform the collection in a negative-pressure (negative airflow) room to contain any aerosols and reduce environmental contamination. If possible, have the patient wear a mask during transport to the lab to minimize dispersion of particles. Sputum samples are obtained by encouraging the patient to cough deeply and expectorate into a sterile container; a blood sample is not used for this TB testing, and the patient should be able to produce sputum, not be without a cough, for an adequate specimen.